Category: GENERAL STUDIES (GS) ONLINE MOCK TEST

Important Essays to be asked in Mains Exam

by Hami Law HouseGENERAL STUDIES (GS) ONLINE MOCK TEST

महत्वपूर्ण निबंध

निम्न खण्ड A और B प्रत्येक से एक – एक विषय चुन कर दो निबंध लिखिए , जो प्रत्येक लगभग 1000-1200 शब्दों के होः

खण्ड – A

  1. जलवायु परिवर्तन के प्रति सुनम्य भारत हेतु वैकल्पिक तकनीकें ।
  2. एक अच्छा जीवन प्रेम से प्रेरित तथा ज्ञान से संचालित होता है ।
  3. कहीं पर भी गरीबी , हर जगह की समृद्धि के लिए खतरा है ।
  4. भारत के सीमा विवादों का प्रबंधन – एक जटिल कार्य । 

खण्ड- B

  1. रूढ़िगत नैतिकता आधुनिक जीवन का मार्गदर्शक नहीं हो सकती है ।
  2. ‘ अतीत ‘ मानवीय चेतना तथा मूल्यों का एक स्थायी आयाम है ।
  3. जो समाज अपने सिद्धांतों के ऊपर अपने विशेषाधिकारों को महत्व देता है , वह दोनों से हाथ धो बैठता है ।
  4. यथार्थ आदर्श के अनुरूप नहीं होता है , बल्कि उसकी पुष्टि करता है 

IMPORTANT ESSAY

Write two essays, each of about 1000-1200 words, choosing one topic each from the following sections A and B:

Section 

1. A Alternative technologies for climate change resilient India.

2. A good life is driven by love and driven by knowledge.

3. Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere.

4. Management of India’s border disputes – a complex task.

Section-B

1. Conventional morality cannot be the guide of modern life.

2. The ‘past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values.

3. A society that values its privileges over its principles loses both.

4. Reality does not conform to the ideal but confirms it

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जमानती अपराध से क्या अभिप्रेत है कौन से अपराधों में जमानत ली जा सकती है जमानती एवं अजमानती अपराधों में अंतर बताइए?

by Hami Law HouseGENERAL STUDIES (GS) ONLINE MOCK TEST

New Delhi :- एडवोकेट दुर्गा द्वारा भारतीय न्यायिक सेवा में अनेक बार पूछे गए प्रश्न का उत्तर लिखा गया है आप इससे बेहतर भी लिख सकते हैं यह आपके लिये रामबाण साबित होगा

Question :- जमानती अपराध से क्या अभिप्रेत है कौन से अपराधों में जमानत ली जा सकती है जमानती एवं अजमानती अपराधों में अंतर बताइए?

Answer :- दंड. प्रक्रिया संहिता 1973 की धारा 2 का में जमानती अपराध को परिभाषित किया गया है जमानती अपराध से ऐसा अपराध अभिप्रेत है जो प्रथम अनुसूची में जमानती है रूप में दिखाया गया है वह तत्सम पृथक में विधि द्वारा जमानती है बनाया गया है और जमानती अपराध से भिन्न कोई अपराध अभिप्रेत है

दंड प्रक्रिया संहिता 1973 की धारा 436 में किन मामलों में जमानत दी जा सकती है से संबंधित प्रावधान किया गया है

(1)जमानती अपराध में पुलिस द्वारा गिरफ्तार करने पर पुलिस थाने का भार साधक अधिकारी और अन्य मामलों में न्यायालय के समक्ष जमानती अपराध के अभियुक्तों को न्यायालय द्वारा जमानत पर छोड़ा जा सकता हैजब वह जमानत देने को तैयार है
(i) अभियुक्त गिरफ्तार व्यक्ति को जमानत प्रतिभूति नहीं दी जाती है तब तक नहीं छोड़ा जाता है

(ii) न्यायालय निर्धन व्यक्ति को (अभियुक्त) को स्वम् के बंधपत्र पर छोड़ सकता है

(iii) जमानती अपराध के अभियुक्त की जमानत के लिए गिरफ्तारी से 1 सप्ताह में कोई दस्तावेज पेश ना करने पर वह निर्धन समझा जाएगा

(iv) दंड प्रक्रिया संहिता 1973 की धारा 116 धारा 446 के अनुसार उसे जांच होने तक अभिरक्षा में निरुद्ध रखना आवश्यक है तब तक उसे धारा 436 में जमानत पर नहीं छोड़ा जाएगा

2 ) जमानत की शर्तों का पालन न करने पर प्रभाव :-
पश्चातवर्ती अवसर पर उसी मामले में जमानत देने से इनकार और धारा 446 (क) के अधीन कार्यवाही कर सकता है

धारा 436 ( क )

इसका ऐसा अपराध जो मृत्यु दंड से दण्डनिये नहीं है उसे अपराध की जांच विचारण या अन्वेषण में अपराध के लिए विनिर्दिष्ट कारावास की अवधि की आधी विचाराधीन कैदी भाग लेता है तब विचाराधीन कैदी का सहित या रहित स्वम् के बंधपत्र पर रिहा होने का अधिकार होता है
न्यायालय लोक अभियोजक को सुनने के पश्चात् तथा लेखबद्ध कारणों से उपयुक्त आधी अवधि के पश्चात् भी कारावास में रखने का आदेश दे सकता है या जमानत पर छोड़ सकता है

भिरू सिंह बनाम यूनियन ऑफ़ इंडिया 2014
मोजी राम बनाम उत्तरप्रदेश राज्य 2019 सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने दोहराया कि बिना कारण के किसी भी आधार पर जमानत नहीं दी जा सकती है भले ही प्रथम दृष्टया प्रकृति के आधार पर यह जमाना देने उचित माना जाता है

मोतीलाल बनाम स्टेट ऑफ़ एमपी 1970 सुप्रीम कोर्ट इस मामले में यह निर्धारित किया गया कि जमानत देने के एक नियम है तथा इसे खारिज करना एक अपवाद है

 

 जमानती एवं अजमानती अपराधों में अंतर –

जमानतीय अपराध 

[1] प्रथम अनुसूची में वर्णित है 

[2] 3 वर्ष से कम का कारावास या केवल जुर्माने से दंडनिये है 

[3] जमानती अपराध की दशा में अभियुक्त जमानत की मांग कर सकता है 

[4] कम गंभीर मामले हैं 

अजमानतीय अपराध

[1] प्रथम अनुसूची में अजमानतीय रूप में दर्ज किया गया है

[2] ऐसे मामलों को मृत्युदंड आजीवन कारावास या 3 वर्ष से अधिक के कारावास से दण्डनिये है 

[3] अजमानतीय अपराध की दशा में अभियुक्त की मांग अधिकार के रूप में नहीं कर सकता है अपितु न्यायालय का विवेकाधिकार होता है उसे जमानत पर रिहा किया जाए या नहीं 

[4] गंभीर मामला है

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Mumbai Port Authority invites applications from Law Graduates

by Hami Law HouseGENERAL STUDIES (GS) ONLINE MOCK TEST / Job Alerts

News Delhi :- Mumbai Port Authority invites applications from eligible Indian Nationals for following trainees to work on contract basis in Legal Division :

Post :- Trainee ( Legal )
No. of posts :- 18( SC – 1 , ST – 1 & OBC – 4 ) * .
Stipend per month ( Rs.25000 / – per month initially *
In case of non – availability of candidates belonging to reserved categories , the posts will be filled by General candidates .

Eligibility criteria :

  • Educational qualifications : Full time degree in Law ( 3 year course or 5 – year course ) ( Final year law students awaiting for results are also eligible to apply , but they will be engaged only after producing their pass certificate . )
  • Age Limit : 21 years 30 years Upper age is relaxable by 5 years for SC / ST applicants and 3 years for OBC applicants .
  • The crucial date for determining eligibility criteria viz . , educational qualification , age etc. shall be as on 1.7.2022 .
  • Only eligible applicants who fulfill the criteria of essential qualification , age , etc. prescribed for respective position shall apply .
  • Qualifications mentioned above should be from any of the recognized Indian Universities duly approved by the UGC or any of the recognized Indian Institutes or recognized International Universities .

Role and responsibilities for the above position :

Assisting Chief Law Officer / Dy . CLO / Sr. Law Officer / Law Officer in all legal matters such as –

  • Drafting and issuance of Show Cause notices .
  • Collection of information for drafting of petition and verification of petitions .
  • Maintenance of the records and daily order sheet , recording of proceedings .
    Assisting in drafting various types of orders .
  • Assistance in recovery of arrears .
    Assisting in execution of the orders for receipt of possession o 1 premises .
    Any other work entrusted to them from time to time .
  • Period of contractual engagement : The contract will be for a period of one year which is extendable by one more year at a time at the discretion of the Port .
Source Mumbai Port Authority

Method of selection :

Depending upon the response , the administration reserves the right to conduct written test or interview or both .

This is only a contractual assignment and they will not be eligible for regularization or permanency etc.

The other terms and conditions of the contract are given at Annexure I.

General instructions :

  1. Self- attested copies of documents / certificates relating to Age / Qualification etc. will have to be submitted along with the application and candidates shall produce the original certificates ( s ) for verification at the time of interview .
  2. Appointment of selected candidates is subject to their being found medically fit as per the requirements of the Mumbai Port Authority . Such appointment will also be subject to the service and contract rules of the Mumbai Port Authority .
  3. Decisions of the Mumbai Port Authority in all matters regarding eligibility , shortlisting and selection shall be final and binding on all candidates . No representation or correspondence will be entertained by the Mumbai Port Authority in this regard .
  4. Any legal proceedings in respect of any matter of claim or dispute arising out of this advertisement and / or an application in response thereto can be instituted only in Mumbai .
  5. No TA / DA will be paid for appearing in written examination / interview , if called .
  6. Any update , corrigendum etc. of this advertisement will be displayed in the Port’s website only . Hence , candidates are requested to keep in regular watch on Port’s web  www.mumbaiport.gov.in  under Media / Vacancy menu.
  7. Changes if any in the recruitment process will be displayed in this Port’s website and no separate communication will be made to the individual applicant .
  8. Canvassing in any form will disqualify the candidate and no correspondence shall be entertained in this regard .
  9. The Management reserves the rights to cancel or make any changes in the number of vacancies , alteration / additions / deletions of any clause in the Terms and Conditions for any of the position ( s ) in the recruitment process , if need arises , without further notice and without assigning any reasons thereof .The Mumbai Port Authority also reserves the right to cancel the above recruitment exercise at any stage of the process without assigning any reason thereof .
  10. Application received in incomplete format or after last date / without relevant documents in support of eligibility will not be eligible . Mere submission of CV / Resume for the said post w not be considered .

How to apply :

Interested candidates may submit their application ( s ) in the prescribed format ( Application form ) by :

  • Downloading the application format from website www.mumbaiport.gov.in ( Media / Vacancy ‘ menu ) .
  • Filling the application format with the required details and declaration .
  • The filled in application form along with required documents for determining eligibility is to be sent to the below mentioned address by courier / post before the last date of application i.e. 1.8.2022 by superscribing on the envelope as ” Application for the post of Trainees ( Legal ) on contract basis ” .
  • The Secretary , Mumbai Port Authority , General Administration Department , Port House , 2nd Floor , Shoorji Vallabhdas Marg , Ballard Estate , Mumbai 400001 . ⠀
  • Merely submitting Resume / CVs and incomplete application will be liable to be rejected .

The last date for receipt of applications will be 1.8.2022 .

                                                                                                       SECRETARY MUMBAI PORT AUTHORITY

 

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0674201029

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Latest Judgement of Supreme Court on Section 302

by Hami Law HouseGeneral / GENERAL STUDIES (GS) ONLINE MOCK TEST / Judgements

New Delhi :- LATEST JUDGEMENT OVERVIEW

COURT NAME :- SUPREME COURT OF INDIA ( Division Bench – Two Judge)

JUDGEMENT NAME :- RAVINDER SINGH @ KAKU VERSUS STATE OF PUNJAB Appeal (Crl.), 1307 of 2019,

JUDGEMENT DATE : 4 May, 2022

RELATED SECTION :- INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1860

Section 302 – Punishment for murder

Section 120 B – Punishment of criminal conspiracy

Section 364 – Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder.

IMPORTANT PARAGRAPH :-

VINEET SARAN, J.

1. These appeals arise out of the judgment dated 22.02.2011 passed by the High Court of Punjab & Haryana in a case in which two children namely; Aman Kumar and Om, aged about 10 years and 6 years respectively were kidnapped and murdered. There were three accused namely; Anita @ Arti (mother of the children) (A1); Ravinder Singh @ Kaku (A2) and Ranjit Kumar Gupta (A3). The Trial Court convicted all the three accused and sentenced them to death for the offence punishable under Section 302 read with 120B IPC and rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and fine of Rs.5000/each for the offence punishable under Section 364 IPC.

2. Being aggrieved by the Trial Court order, the present appellant filed a criminal appeal before the High Court of Punjab and Haryana, which got tagged along with the criminal appeals filed by the other co-accused persons. The High Court, vide judgment dated 22.02.2011, acquitted Anita @Arti (A1) and Ranjit Kumar Gupta (A3) and partly allowed the appeal filed by Ravinder Singh @ Kaku (A2) and while setting aside the death penalty, sentenced him to undergo rigorous imprisonment for 20 years under Section 302 IPC.

3. In light of the above, the electronic evidence produced before the High Court should have been in accordance with the statute and should have complied with the certification requirement, for it to be admissible in the court of law. As rightly stated above, Oral evidence in the place of such certificate, as is the case in the present matter, cannot possibly suffice as Section 65B(4) is a mandatory requirement of the law.

22. To conclude, the tripod stand of Motive, Last Seen Theory and Recovery, that supported the conviction of A2 according to the High Court, is found to be nonconclusive and the evidence supporting the conviction of A2 is marred with inconsistencies and contradictions, thereby making it impossible to sustain a conviction solely on such circumstantial evidence.

23. Accordingly, the appeal filed by the appellant Ravinder Singh(A2) i.e. Criminal Appeal No.1307 of 2019 is allowed and the impugned order of the High Court is set aside to the extent that it convicts A2 under section 302 and 364 of the Indian Penal Code. Hence, the conviction of A2 is set a side. However, the acquittal of A1 and A3 by the impugned order is upheld. Accordingly, the appeals filed by the Respondent/State against the impugned order challenging the acquittal of A1 and A3 i.e. Criminal Appeal Nos. 13081311 of 2019 are dismissed. Therefore, we direct that a copy of this order be communicated to the relevant jail authorities and the appellant i.e. Ravinder Singh (A2) be immediately set at liberty, unless his detention is required in any other case. No order as to costs.

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RAVINDER SINGH

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What Was The Treaty on World War ?

by Hami Law HouseGeneral / GENERAL STUDIES (GS) ONLINE MOCK TEST
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was a treaty that was signed on November 11, 1919, after World War I. The treaty ended the war and determined the boundaries of the new German state.

The Treaty of Versailles was an international treaty that ended World War I. The treaty was signed on November 19, 1918, at the Paris Peace Conference.

The treaty was created after World War I ended and was signed by the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium, and Serbia. The treaty regulated how World War I should be treated and it set up a peacekeeping organization called the League of Nations.

The treaty was very important because it ended World War I and it regulated how World War I should be treated. The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty that ended World War I. On June 28, 1919, representatives from the Allied Powers and the Central Powers signed the Treaty of Versailles in the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles. The treaty was drawn up after six months of negotiations. The treaty regulated the size and behavior of Germany, set the boundaries of Poland, and created the League of Nations.

On June 28, 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed by representatives of the Allied Powers. The treaty was created as a result of World War I and was meant to punish Germany for its actions. Germany was not allowed to have an army and their territory was reduced. The League of Nations was also created as a result of the treaty to keep the peace between countries.

The Treaty of Versailles was very important in ending World War I. It regulated the size and behavior of Germany and created the League of Nations. The treaty was signed by representatives from the Allied Powers and marked the end of World War I.

The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty that ended World War I. It was drawn up after six months of negotiations and regulated the size and behavior of Germany. The treaty established the League of Nations to keep the peace between countries. The treaty was signed by representatives from the Allied Powers and marked the end of World War I.

The Treaty of Versailles was created as a result of World War I and was meant to punish Germany for its actions. Germany was not allowed to have an army and their territory was reduced. The League of Nations was also created as a result of the treaty to keep the peace between countries.

The Treaty of Versailles was an important event in world history because it marked the end of World War I. The treaty was mediated by representatives from the Allied Powers and regulated the size and behavior of Germany. The treaty established the League of Nations to keep the peace between countries.

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